Tgggh Essay Example For Students

Tgggh Essay I consider myself a huge fan of Dave Matthews Band and I do not think that any band around right now can even compare, but I just cannot understand the obsession that you all seem to have with the song Say Goodbye. I have listened to it time and time again after seeing it continually brought up in the threads, but I just dont connect with the so-called beauty that you all think it contains. Its not that I hate those kind of songs-Crash Into Me, Lover Lay Down, Crush, and even Angel are some of my favorites. Say Goodbye has about the worst sounding musical introduction that I have ever heard, there is nothing at all moving about the lyrics, and it has virtually no chorus. I think that people started just thinking that the cool thing to do was to like the song, and it ballooned. Please tell me someone agrees with me. Oh, I almost forgot-I have one more compaint. I dont see why everyone hates the Everday so much, and is outraged by the fact that they put it out. While it obviously cannot compare to any of the others that they have put out to date, it still is the Best of Whats Around as it won the VH1 Music Awards for best CD, best song(The Space Between), and best group. Does anyone agree with me on this? Please give me your opinions. Im sure a lot of you think Im an idiot because I know many of you love Say Goodbye and are not crazy about Everyday, and if thats the case, Id still like to hear what you have to say. We will write a custom essay on Tgggh specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Someone tell me what Im missing in Say Goodbye. Oh, lastly, I would like oto apologize for putting this in the Musical Interpretations category, but that is where I see the most threads praising Say Goodbye. Words/ Pages : 315 / 24

Millennium Development Goals Essay Example

Millennium Development Goals Essay Example Millennium Development Goals Essay Millennium Development Goals Essay Black (cited Chianti 2004:2) explained ;modernization as the third great revolutionary transformation in human affairs and the process of rapid change since the scientific revolution. The process of this change is of the same great as that from pressman(sic) to human and from primitive to civilized society. For a world were dynamism and upgrading is the order of the day, moving from a lower to a higher system can be said to be appropriate and Ghana as a nation must not be left out of the global trend, rather we (Ghana) should transform the deteriorating traditional societies to a modernized one. The difference between modernizing and rotational societies is profound-being the difference between simple static structure and complex dynamic process. I-IN-HABITAT defines a slum household as a group of individuals living under the same roof in an urban area who lack one or more of the following: 1. Durable housing of a permanent nature that protects against extreme climate conditions. 2. Sufficient living space which means not more than three people sharing the same room. 3. Easy access to safe water in sufficient amounts at an affordable price. 4. Access to adequate sanitation in the form of a private or public toilet shared by a reasonable number of people. 5. Security of tenure that prevents forced evictions. Many has been done to reducing poverty in rural areas, meanwhile, arbitration is leading to the sprawl of cities given birth to many slums. Although investments have been made in various sectors, such as health and infrastructure. In addition to the introduction above this essay will explore; Modernization theory and development Millennium development goals visevise modernization; slum upgrade Conclusion. Modernization theory and development; The basis of modernization theory is a shift from traditional to modern which includes both economic and social factors. Most developed countries including the west have gone through the developing stage and one theory that underpinned their development is said to be the modernization theory. In quest for slum upgrade in Ghana, modernization is one area that cannot be eschewed reading from the many evolved countries. Modernization theory is not a single, homogeneous theory, but rather a collection of several theoretical approaches. This leaves us in a position here it is not possible to find intrinsic elements of modernization theory, but we can instead find common elements as described by Brahmas (cited Behind 2000, 13) the six common elements of modernization; Modernization draws upon a number of development factors (technological change, capital accumulation, changing values and attitudes). These different factors can be analyzed from several different perspectives, but most common is the idea of inducing social change (in values, norms, beliefs, customs). It was thought that these social changes would prompt other spheres of development. Societies and the components which make up societies (values, institutions, social groups, and religions) can be divided into traditional and modern spheres. These two spheres usually exist separately, but dual societies can exist for shorter periods of time. In the end the modern will overtake the traditional. Development, as experienced by the West, is the same path which the third world countries will follow. The modernization process is seen as similar for all countries, but the rates of change and the general pace of development might differ. Modernization is seen as inevitable and assumed to be beneficial for all. Modernization is synonymous with Westernizes. Key factors for the development of the west came from within. Such factors might involve changes in values and attitudes, technological innovations and investment capital. In the third world, however, if these factors could be supplied the modernization process would speed up. The pace of modernization is dependent on agents of change that is to say leadership or leaders. Millennium development goals visevise modernization; slum upgrade Internationally development is marked by some pointers including the human development index (HID) which focuses on the individual development of the citizenry. The HID measures development in three basic dimensions: long and healthy life, access to knowledge, and a decent standard of living. Minion the ;Agents of change in Ghana made massive step to developing the underdeveloped of Ghana by signing on to the Millennium Development Goals (MEG). The Mugs are made up of eight different goals with their targets and their indicators, all of which points to development. ;In September 2000, world leaders adopted the UN Millennium Declaration, committing their nations to a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty and expand the choices of the poor. A set of time bound and measurable goals and targets for combating poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation and discrimination against women the Millennium Development Goals (Mugs) were placed at the heart of the global development agenda. Nevertheless, till date Ghana is struggling to relatively develop. I therefore argue that modernization [modernizing Ghana especially the slums can lead to Ghana achieving the entire eight Mugs base on the following argument; Mostly slums are often the first step out of rural poverty. The rural poor move to cities, where there are more employment opportunities and better access to services such as health care and education and they settle mostly in the slums, perhaps they create the slum settlements. In many slums, overcrowding and inadequate or non-existent school facilities and other amenities further impact the quality of education that children receive. In some countries, adolescents drop out of school because of insufficient or overcrowding in slum schools, or because of family responsibilities, such as taking care of siblings while parents are at work The use of solid fuels in slum households increases the chances of children contracting respiratory illnesses, such as ammonia. Many slums are also located in or near hazardous or toxic sites, which expose children to additional environmental and health hazards. Parents struggling to pay for food, school fees and transport costs may be unwilling or unable to pay for the health care of their children, which has an impact on child mortality rates. Many women living in slums cannot afford the relatively more expensive delivery and post- natal health services. Slum residents often start sexual intercourse younger, have more sexual partners, and are less likely than other city residents to know of or adopt preventive measures against contracting HIVE/AIDS. Poor sanitation and lack of toilet facilities in slums has also led to large sections of the population defecating in the open. This contributes to contamination of water and land resources, and is a cause of many of the water-borne diseases prevalent in slums. Although investments have are often not targeted specifically at slums. Many African countries in the sass, adopted slum and squatter upgrading programmer largely funded by the World Bank. Turner (cited Ben C. Airman) had argued based on field observation in Peru that the solution to slums was not in their demolition, but in improving the environment: if governments could improve the sanitary conditions and environmental quality of slums, then residents given their organizational skills and resourcefulness will gradually improve their houses, especially when encouraged by security of tenure and access to credit. The adoption of slum upgrading strategies marked a radical change in official attitude towards slum and informal settlements. Upgrading programmer are locality-based improvement strategies designed to replace the various degrees of obsolescence and decay in slum areas through the provision or improvement of basic services and physical infrastructure such as water education, sanitation, garbage collection, storm drainage, street lighting, paved footpaths and streets Babbles, (cited Ben C. Airman, 6) Conclusion Slums provide an important entry point for the achievement of all the Millennium Development Goals; the sheer concentration of people living in slums make them ideal targets for interventions aimed at reducing poverty, reducing child mortality and HIVE/AIDS, improving literacy and promoting environmental sustainability in urban areas. Meds, benchmark for development, modernization that means development.

International Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Human Resource Management - Essay Example The success or the failure of such organisations largely depends on their human resources and their management. Human resources are considered to be an integral and crucial part of an organisation. The success of an organisation depends on the management of its resources related to production but it is greatly reliant on the way it manages its workforce or human resources. Proper management of the human resources would facilitate in triggering and delivering the actions desired by the organisation. These desired actions contribute significantly towards the success of the organisations (Ashamalla 1998). Therefore, it can be well understood that for such international firms or multinational enterprises an appropriate human resource management is quite essential and crucial for the reason of their success. It can be stated that International Human Resource Management is related to the understanding and functions of the entire behaviours associated with the human resource management as t hese behaviours or performances as they have been observed to create an influence on the way of controlling and handling human resources in organisations in the international environment (Briscoe et al. 2008). In the paper, the impact of international regulation in terms of Human Resource on a Multinational Enterprise (MNE) called Royal Philips Electronics would be investigated and explored. Outline of the Context and Structure of Royal Philips Electronics Royal Philips Electronics is a Multinational Enterprise and is considered to be amongst the largest global companies and is stated to be the leading electronics company in Europe. The company is believed to be an international leader in lighting, picture tubes for colour television along with monitors, colour... The intention of this study is Royal Philips Electronics as one of the largest global companies and one of the leading electronics company in Europe. The company is believed to be an international leader in lighting, picture tubes for colour television along with monitors, colour televisions, electric shavers and products of one-chip television. The company has its strong presence in over 60 countries and engages 233, 700 people as its employees. The company is proactive in the fields of consumer electronics, components, medical systems, IT services, lighting, domestic appliances, semiconductors and business electronics. The company is listed on the London, Amsterdam, and New York Stock Exchanges (NYSE) and in different other stock exchanges as well. The company ranks eighth amongst the leading 30 international electronics corporations. Royal Philips Electronics is considered to be the global leader in the field of digital technologies that forms a part of wireless communications, vi deo compression, optical products, displays, speech recognition, and storage products along with fundamental technology related to semiconductor which facilitates the achievement of these infiltrations possible. Royal Philips Electronics was initially founded by Gerard Philips in Netherlands for the purpose of developing various electrical products and incandescent lamps. The company during its early years focused on manufacturing lamps with carbon-filament and it had been included among the biggest manufacturers of Europe in the early parts of the twentieth century.

Federal Systems and European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Federal Systems and European Union - Essay Example Defining federalism, Auer (2005) states that federalism consists of a specific combination of autonomy or self rule, superposition or limited rule and participation or shared rule so that two independent levels of government could coexist and work simultaneously for the citizens1. Thus autonomy, limited rule and shared rule in which centralized governance is importance could all be important features of federalism. Distribution of powers between political units, defining these constituent units and providing a scheme or approach towards resolution of conflicts are some of the functions of federal constitutions. Auer argues that EU performs all these functions and could be considered in legal terms as having a multinational federal type of system. As the EU is primarily focused in bringing out a balance of power between European nations albeit through a centralized EU control network, the system of governance and politics is highly federal or at least meant to be so2. However we may a sk whether the plan or blueprint of having an EU federal system has really worked and whether EU federalism is a reality in any way or simply a theoretical term. These are issues that have to be understood on the basis of political, social and economic factors and changes within the EU. The subject of federalism is important in the context of the Eur... Nicholson explored the routes to a united Europe and world government advocating federal union and functionalism. Drinkwater suggests that Nicholson gave a new meaning to idealism and realism through his liberal realism and used a new approach to solve sociopolitical problems. Thus liberal realism could be considered as a way towards federalism as the need to find peace and banish war would be in the spirit of working together in a centralized unified manner and federalism in the European Union would be especially important to bring peace and cooperation in the region3. The value of federalism thus relates to large longer term political agendas of peace and unification and not just short term social goals of having trust among members or improving the structure of power sharing between nations. Elaborating on issues of trust and accountability, Follesdal (2005) suggest that the Constitutional Treaty for Europe or CTE has helped in strengthening the federalism of European political order, especially for the future and multiple forms of balancing and changes in the CTE have actually helped in improvements of the political scenario within Europe. The treaty of Europe is thus geared towards creating a European political order that would have federal features to enhance trust aspects among European citizens4. Thus the true advantage of such a treaty would be to increase the trust factor among Europeans by creating a more congenial political order. With the increased federal features and emphasis on federalism in the new political order, the central changes are related to increased emphasis on human rights, issues related to national and European parliament and political parties and seeking greater transparency of operations within

Are reason and emotion equally necessary in justifying moral decisions Essay - 1

Are reason and emotion equally necessary in justifying moral decisions - Essay Example Sometimes, a person is not even aware that a decision has been made as he goes through his day. However, when it comes to moral decisions that entail more intensive consideration of all factors involved, a person may be stunned enough to scratch, or even dig beyond the shallow surface and summon reason and emotion to help him come up with the right decision. History has produced deep thinking men who debated on the competing roles of reason and emotion in moral judgment. A man named Kohlberg (1984) even came up with a theory of moral development based on a hypothetical moral situation calling on children’s decision-making skills, and his theories attracted much attention from moral philosophers. His proposed dilemma was about a husband named Heinz who needed to decide whether to steal an overpriced drug to save his dying wife. It was theorized that young children conceptualize morality in terms of obedience to adults’ rules and regulations. They know that it makes them good children. This is so because they think in concrete, physical, egocentric ways and their social worlds are dominated by adults. On the other hand, older children think of morality in terms of cooperation with peers because they are cognitively able to comprehend the views of others and already understand concepts such as reciprocity and cooperation beca use their social worlds consist mainly of interactions with peers. Kohlberg based his work on this theory of cognitive development and emphasized reasoning as the key to moral development. He did not pursue any direction towards the role of emotion in the moral decision-making process. Basing on a vast amount of evidence gathered from structured interviews, Kohlberg’s rationalist model views moral judgments as primarily caused by complex reasoning. In considering dilemmas, defined as â€Å"scenarios constructed to highlight a

Paul Tillich: Dynamics of Faith | Summary and Analysis

Paul Tillich: Dynamics of Faith | Summary and Analysis Myron McVeigh Paul Tillich In this essay I will be discussing my view of Paul Tillich’s theory of religion based upon his book â€Å"Dynamics of Faith.† I will give examples from his text that support my view. The very title â€Å"Dynamics of Faith† leads to the question, what is faith? Faith can hold many meanings, especially when used in the context of religion. Tillich explains faith in the first chapter of the book. â€Å"Faith is the state of being ultimately concerned: the dynamics of faith are the dynamics of man’s ultimate concern.† (pg. 1) He also states that the concern must be unconditional. Faith doesn’t have to necessarily be religious. It can be non-religious. For instance ultimate concern with a person’s career, raising their children or even concern that a farmers crops will grow can all be considered non-religious. The Jewish and Christian faith in God and the Muslim faith in Allah are good examples of â€Å"ultimate concern† in a religio us context. Tillich states that faith is a centered act. Faith as ultimate concern is an act of the total personality. It happens in the center of the personal life and includes all its elements. (pg. 4) The human mind’s most centered act is faith. Everything revolves around faith. It is not simply a function or section of a man but his total being. Tillich states however that faith is more than the sum of all man’s parts or impacts. It can involve rationality and it can involve emotion, but it transcends them both. Faith can have an impact on both rationality and emotion without destroying both in the process. It is what Tillich calls â€Å"ecstatic.† This means one can stand outside themselves without ceasing to be themselves. Tillich states that faith is both conscious and unconscious. Since faith is the total act of personality, it is impossible to imagine faith without the unconscious elements of one’s personality. Faith as a conscious act relies on the unconscious elements to create faith. If simply unconscious forces determine a mental status, Tillich states, it is not faith but rather compulsion. He also states that faith is freedom. â€Å"Freedom is nothing more than the possibility of centered personal acts.† (pg.6) Since faith is a free and centered act of personality, freedom and faith are equal. For faith to exist in something there must be two sides, the subjective side of faith and the objective side of faith. Tillich illustrates this by using the terms â€Å"fides qua creditor (the faith through which one believes) and the fides quae creditor (the faith which is believed).† (pg. 11) Simply there is no faith without something to have faith in. When using terms such as â€Å"absolute† and â€Å"ultimate† subjectivity and objectivity are the same. If God is the â€Å"ultimate concern: then he is both the subject and the object. This is considered true ultimacy. When faith cannot be both object and subject it is simply false ultimacy. Tillich gives the examples of a nation or success as false ultimacy. This is because it is in the believer’s eyes just an object it is subject to ordinary knowledge and handling. This leads to the subject of true faith and idolatrous faith. In true faith the â€Å"ultimate concern† is simply a faith in the truly ultimate, God, for example. The truly ultimate is infinite, the subject is the object. In idolatrous faith, â€Å"finite realities are elevated to the rank of ultimacy.† (pg. 13) The subject is almost overtaken by the object but this is temporary and the subject returns again leading to â€Å"existential disappointment.† This is because it leads to a loss of center and disrupts the personality, which according to Tillich can be hidden for a length of time but always exposes itself eventually. Idolatrous faith is still considered faith. â€Å"The holy which is demonic is still holy.† (pg. 18) This shows how faith can be ambiguous and dangerous. Idolatry is a danger of faith and the fact that there is a â€Å"demonic possibility† of the holy is the ambiguity. Faith can destroy us or heal us, but according to Tillich we can never be without it. It is often thought that the word doubt means the lack of faith. Doubt is merely the lack of conviction. It is also an important aspect of faith. â€Å"An act of faith is an act of a infinite being who is grasped by and turned to the infinite.† (pg. 18) Doubt is the opposite of our â€Å"ultimate concern.† Humans are finite beings and have to accept uncertainty in faith. This is where courage plays a role. Tillich uses a larger concept of the word courage rather than the dictionary definition. â€Å"Courage as an element of faith is the daring self-affirmation of one’s own being in spite of the powers of â€Å"non-believing† which are the heritage of everything finite.† (pg. 19) We must accept the possibility of failure. This possibility is present in every act of faith. This is a risk and it must be taken in order to maintain the â€Å"ultimate concern.† Now that we have established what faith is I will look at what faith is not. According to Tillich, there is an intellectualistic distortion of the meaning of faith. This is done not only by the popular mind but also philosophical and theological thought. Since faith is a centered act of the whole personality one function of thought cannot completely identify with faith without distorting what faith is. Faith is not simply an â€Å"act of knowledge that has a low degree of evidence† (pg. 36) This describes a belief, not faith. A belief is based upon evidence that is sufficient enough to add a high degree of probability. A belief can be varied. We believe things when we have good evidence about them or when they are stated by good authorities. When we accept the authority’s evidence as true it is often because we are unable to approach the evidence directly. History books are a good example of this. We are unable to prove that it happened because we weren’t witness to it but believe it because we believe the author. This cannot be considered faith though simply because although we trust the authorities, it is never unconditional. We don’t have faith in them. Tillich states â€Å"Faith is more than trust in authorities, although trust is an important element of faith.† (pg. 37) Tillich uses this thought when he describes early Biblical writers. Christians believe the writings but never unconditionally, they don’t have faith in them and therefore â€Å"should not even have faith in the Bible.† (pg.37) There is also a voluntaristic distortion of the meaning of faith. This is true mainly for Catholics and Protestants. According to Tillich, Catholics believe that the lack of evidence that faith provides must be complemented with an act of will. This states that faith is understood as knowledge with limited evidence that is made up by the willful act. Tillich refers to this as the â€Å"will to believe.† The Protestant version of the â€Å"will to believe† is connected with the morality of the believer. These beliefs state that faith is dependent upon the teachings of the church which is not the case. The third and final distortion of the meaning of faith is the emotionalistic distortion. This interprets faith as a matter of emotion. Tillich states that this distortion is partly supported by both the religious and the secular. â€Å"For the defenders of religion it was a retreat to a seemingly safe position after the battle about faith as a matter of knowledge or will had been lost.† (pg. 44) It was also readily accepted by scientists and representatives of ethics simply because it took away any interference from the religious in matters of scientific research. Tillich responds to this by stating that faith is not â€Å"a matter of merely subjective emotions, without a content to be known and a demand to be obeyed† (pg. 45) Faith has strong emotional elements tied to it but emotion isn’t the source of faith. Tillich believes that man’s â€Å"ultimate concern† has to be expressed through the use of symbolic language. Symbolic language is the only language able to express the ultimate. He states that symbols have many characteristics. One characteristic in which they have in common with signs is the fact that â€Å"they point beyond themselves to something else.† (pg. 47) He uses the example of a stop sign. The sign points to the order to stop movement of a vehicle for a specific amount of time. The color red has absolutely nothing to do with the stopping of a vehicle. When combined with a sign it simply points to the idea that one should stop their vehicle. The second characteristic of a symbol is that â€Å"It participates in that to which it points.† (pg. 48) Here he uses the example of a flag. The flag stands for the power and dignity of the nation that it belongs to. An attack on a nation’s flag is considered an attack on the dignity of that nation and is considered to be blasphemy. The flag isn’t responsible for the power or dignity but simply symbolizes it. The third characteristic of a symbol is â€Å"that it opens up levels of reality which otherwise are closed to us.† (pg. 48) The example used here is that a picture or a poem or even a story show us elements of reality that cannot be studied scientifically. Creativity opens up a reality in a dimension that cannot be accessed otherwise. This ties in with the fourth characteristic. This is characteristic opens up dimensions and elements of reality that are otherwise unapproachable AND elements of our souls that correspond to the elements of reality. He uses the example of a play in this scenario. The play gives us a vision of what is going on but also opens a dimension in our own being. We can comprehend what is happening in reality but there are also dimensions that we cannot access without the use of symbols. â€Å"Melodies and rhythms in music.† (pg. 49) Symbols are not to be produced intentionally, but grow out of our individual or collective unconscious. These symbols must be accepted by our unconscious or else they have no function. Tillich states that any symbol with an especially social function is created by the group’s collective unconscious in which they appear. Political and religious symbols are examples of this. The final characteristic of a symbol is the fact that the symbols cannot be invented. They grow and also die. When the situation calls for them, they grow. When that situation changes, they die. An example of this is a King. The symbol of a king used to mean something and produce a response of servitude and loyalty. This is no longer the case because for the most parts kings have been replaced by political leaders. Tillich explains that God is the fundamental symbol of our â€Å"ultimate concern.† It is always present when considering acts of faith. He states that God can only be denied in the name of God. Since an â€Å"ultimate concern† cannot deny itself it affirms itself. Atheism is simply the attempt to remove any â€Å"ultimate concern† from our lives. Tillich states that the only true form of Atheism is in difference toward the ultimate question. One cannot deny God because by doing so he confirms the existence of God. One can argue that in this case God is simply just a symbol, to which Tillich replies â€Å"God is a symbol for God.† (pg. 53) Tillich believes that God is the basic symbol of faith, but states that there are many other symbols as well. Manifestations of the divine in such things as documents and in words, in people and communities, even events are all symbols of faith. Tillich believes that holy things are not themselves holy, they are merely o bjects that point toward the source of holiness, which is the â€Å"ultimate concern.† Symbols of faith aren’t isolated. Tillich believes that the symbols are united in myths. He states that mythic gods are based upon human characteristics, they have personalities, are of both sexes, are related, and even participate in human struggles. Often the gods are not equal and live in hierarchies. There is usually one god or a small group of gods that rule over the other gods. Tillich states that all myths are fundamentally the same, â€Å"man’s ultimate concern symbolized in divine figures and actions.† (pg. 56) Myths are simply symbols of faith that are combined in stories of what Tillich calls â€Å"divine-human encounters.† Myths appear in every act of faith. They are often attacked and criticized because they use material from ordinary experiences. It adds a human experience of time and space when the â€Å"ultimate† is beyond time and space. A myth often divides what is considered divine into many figures. Doing this removes ultimacy without removing the claim to ultimacy. This causes criticism because it rejects the division of the divine claiming there is only one God. Tillich states that God is an object of mythological language and is often drawn into the human experience of time and space. This makes God a â€Å"concrete concern† and removes his ultimacy. Polytheistic mythology isn’t all that is rejected. Even monotheism falls under criticism. Tillich states that it needs â€Å"demythologization.† The word is used in connection with many of the mythical elements used in the Bible. Stories where â€Å"divine-human interactions† occur are in character considered m ythological. However, they are also objects of demythologization. Any myth that has been proven to be a myth but is not replaced is called a â€Å"broken myth.† There is a tremendous backlash when considering â€Å"broken myths† as no culture wants any of their myths to be proven false and lose its power. People who live in an unbroken mythological world feel protected and safe. Tillich states this type of thinking is supported by authoritarian systems because it gives false security to the people whom they control and also unchallenged power over them. He calls this â€Å"literalism.† Literalism allows myths to be understood by their immediate meaning. They are placed in a human context, events are attributed to ideas that humans understand. For example, the virgin birth is understood in a biological sense. â€Å"Literalism deprives God of his ultimacy and, religiously speaking, of his majesty.† (pg. 60) It basically draws God down to the human level of the finite and conditional, which he cannot be since he is ultimate. â€Å"Faith, if it takes its symbols literally, becomes idolatrous! It calls something ultimate which is less than ultimate.† (pg. 60) Tillich speaks of many types of faith. These types vary from religion to religion, culture to culture, and even from individual to individual. The variance in these faiths has to do with the variation of symbols of the faith. These types all have one thing in common. They all are united because of their focus on â€Å"ultimate concern.† There is a relationship between faith and history, science, and philosophy. Tillich believes that if our â€Å"ultimate concern† is really ultimate then it is not affected by any of the conclusions provided by history, science, or philosophy. He explains this by stating that a symbol of the ultimate is not ultimate in itself but merely a way of representing that which is ultimate. Therefore a faith is true if it represents the ultimate. Tillich believes that â€Å"the experience of actual faith, of faith as a living reality†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 115) is considered the life of faith. He once again states that having faith is having courage. Faith is integrated in to our everyday personalities and plays some role in shaping them. Faith is ingrained with various tensions. Tensions between doubt and courage, being estranged or being whole, between ourselves and our communities. He states we must maintain balance between faith, hope, and love so that they play a role in the totality of our personalities. Faith is present in our communities and is important. We use the faith and symbols of our communities and express them through ourselves, the individual. Faith is the central phenomenon in the personal life of mankind. It is visible and invisible at the same time. It is both religious and non-religious. It is universal and sat in stone. It can be changing but is always the same. Tillich states that it is â€Å"an essential possibility of man, and therefore its existence is necessary and universal.† (pg. 146) If faith is our â€Å"ultimate concern† than it cannot be undercut by science, superstition, and distortion of church and state. Faith alone stands upon itself and justifies itself. I feel that Tillich’s theories follow and partially agree with the theories of Freud and Durkheim. He explores with detail the human mind and our psyche. This determines our personality and as Tillich states many times faith is deeply ingrained in our personalities. Faith is an act of total personality. Faith is both an act of rational and unconscious elements. Tillich even applies faith to Freud’s naturalistic negation of norms and principles stating that â€Å"Faith and culture can be affirmed only if the superego represents the norms and principles of reality.† (pg. 6) Freud states that if the superego is not established through valid ideas it becomes suppressive. With real faith, even if it uses Freud’s father image, creates true ideas or principles and therefore it rings true. Durkheim states that religion is community, Tillich agrees with this. A community provides the symbols of faith in which people believe. The individual expresses their faith through the community. Therefore without the community there are no symbols of faith in which to represent that which is ultimate. When considering Marx in this equation, the two cannot be further apart. For Marx, religion or faith were nonexistent and something that was just invented to qualm our meager existence in this world. Tillich states that faith is us and has always been ingrained in us. He states that to deny the existence of God only strengthens the case that God exists. Therefore Marx’s theory holds no water in Tillich’s eyes. He states that â€Å"the rejection of faith is rooted in a complete misunderstanding of the nature of faith.† (pg. 146) The denial of faith is an â€Å"ultimate concern† so therefore is faith in itself. Citation Tillich, Paul. Dynamics of Faith. New York: Harper, 1958. Print.

Early Quaker Women in Ministry :: Religion Religious History

Early Quaker Women in Ministry The Account of the Travels, Sufferings, and Persecutions of Barbara Blaugdone gives us an insight into the traveling ministry of the work’s namesake, Barbara Blaugdone, the Quaker woman who persevered through trial after trial to come out on top. As she says, â€Å"I can speak it to the glory of God, he never moved me to any thing, but that he gave me Power to perform it† (Blaugdone 8). In other words, God gave Blaugdone no trial that He did not also give her the power to overcome. However, Blaugdone was only one of many Quaker women to minister and share the Truth that the Quakers so loved. While the majority of active Quaker ministers were men (Trevett 70), women in the Quaker movement enjoyed opportunities to minister, both privately and publicly, while sharing in many of the trials of their male counterparts. Much of what the Quakers considered ministry was less visible to the general public. â€Å"For Quakers, [ministry] encompassed not just preaching, prophecy, and other overtly ‘religious’ activity, but also any witnessing to the faith, be it in the home, the marketplace or workplace†¦. An example had to be set in all those places† (58). Many Quaker women performed more feminine tasks in addition to preaching and teaching (43). For example, they saw to the poor and needy, with extra care given to less fortunate Quakers (58). Other women set an example to public officials by standing alongside their husbands in demonstration of their faith (60). When imprisoned, which happened often enough to Quaker men and women alike, these stalwart, godly people continued to share their faith with those around them (Bauman 67). Still other women followed the example of the great early Quaker leader Margaret Fell, who â€Å"ensured . . . that no ministering Friend lack ed coat, stocking, or shoes,† and provided for Friends on the road. (Trevett 56). When â€Å"called†, though, Quaker women opted to minister in a more public fashion. To the Quakers, a woman in a public ministry role was the fulfillment of God’s Will as opposed to the disobedience of divine directive. They believed that ministers â€Å"were called and served by the ability God gave them, [and] that women were equally eligible to serve in the ministry† (Bauman 36). This philosophy directly opposed a long-observed teaching from 1 Timothy 2:11-12, â€Å"Let the woman learn in silence, with all subjection.

Gender Equality Essay

Irrespective of the country and the cultures people live in, it is next to impossible to keep the question of gender equality hidden in the modern society. When the word gender equality was voiced in the 19th century what was been sought was political rights. Not only then but also today inequality between men and women has been evident in our society. Discrimination against women is an act that has had a lot of negative impact in our society and to the women themselves. This has been demonstrated through gender violence, economic discrimination, reproductive health inequalities and harmful traditional practices. It is a concern to the whole world to a point of making the affirmative action to fix this problem. Gender equality first and foremost is a human right; women are entitled to live in dignity and in freedom from fear and want (Tomasevski, 1993). Should men and women be equal in the modern society? Men and women are equal; only that women are victims of pervert social progress. Gender discrimination between men and women leads to unequal access to the resources and benefits of development. see more:gender discrimination short essay Gender inequality affects all people; sustainable gains in development and poverty reduction are only possible when men and women are full and equal participants in society. Men and women are different but they are equal in that whatever men can do their women counter parts can do it well. Men and women are equal what brings the discrimination is the socialization that men and women get. The notion that women are weak has denied many women with the ability to exploit the abilities they have (Tierney, 2007). Men and women are equal in so many aspects and should be equal. Politically, financially and academically no much difference that can be noted, it is insignificant. In the political realms there are women who are doing extemporal well. Taking the example of the just concluded US election Hillary Clinton had good support and motions that would be bought by the rest of the candidates. In the world of business we have Oprah Winfrey; an indicator of what women can do. She is competing among the men in that field and still her success is a threat to many. In the modern society women have been known to take responsibilities of raising the families. Women have come up so well in that their dependency level is going down even though they are discriminated in salaries. This is a proof enough that if women are given equal opportunity with men they can do much well. In the employment sector women are taking those opportunities which were thought to be for men (Kramarae & Spender, 2000). Women are managers of big companies and also owners just as men. They are also well represented in the government sectors and in the government. They have become career makers. Men have the initiative of sharing the household responsibilities. It is a common occurrence that couples can choose whether it is the woman or the man who will get a leave to take care of their new borne baby. Men and women are equal in the eyes of the law; they are subjected under the same law. Women are equal to men in all aspects hence in the modern society they should get the right to basic needs, education, job training and employment as men do. Empowering women is a great tool for reducing poverty and advancing development. Empowered women contribute to productivity and health in the families and communities and hence improved prospects for the next generation (Cross, 2001). The idea that men are stronger physically is just a preference of a few. If women are given similar opportunities as men they can perform equally well. Denial of opportunity has contributed to decreased performance of women in various areas. On the other hand both women and men should not forget their roles though sharing of responsibilities is taking root in the modern society. References: Cross, P. L. (2001): Women’s Rights are Human Rights; Human Rights are Women’s Rights. Retrieved on 29th Dec, 2008 from: http://www. pinn. net/~sunshine/essays/w_rights. html Kramarae, C. , Spender D, (2000): Routledge International Encyclopaedia of Women: Global Women’s Issues and Knowledge. ISBN 0415920906, 9780415920902, Routledge Tierney, J. (2007): Men and Women, Different but Equal: What’s the Problem? Retrieved on 29th Dec, 2008 from: http://tierneylab. blogs. nytimes. com/2007/09/09/men-and-women-different-but-equal-whats-the-problem/ Tomasevski, K. , (1993). Women and Human Rights. ISBN 185649120X, 9781856491204, Zed Books

Executing Strategies in a Global Environment Essay

Abstract This paper will analyze Federal Express’s value creation frontier, and determine which of the four building blocks of competitive advantage the company needs in order to continue their above average profitability. It will also explore the main aspect of product differentiations and capacity control of the company to maintain an edge on their rivals. Furthermore, for this assignment I will attempt examine the efficiency of FedEx’s current business model and recommend a new business level strategy that will give Federal Express a competitive advantage over it rivals. In addition, this paper will also examine the manner in which overall, global competition may influence my recommended business strategy and I will suggest a significant way that Federal Express can confront its global competition. Introduction Federal Express began operating in 1973, under the leadership of Fred Smith Jr. Before Federal Express, a major portion for small packaging airfreight flew on commercial passenger flights. Fred Smith believed that these two services should be treated differently, because the commercial passenger and cargo shipper had different needs. The commercial passenger they wanted the convenience of daytime flights. As for the cargo shippers, they preferred night services, which would afford them late afternoon pickups and next day delivery (Hill,2013). Since small-package airfreight only went out based on the commercial flight scheduling, it was hard for cargo shippers to achieve next day delivery. To remedy the shipping issue cargo shippers had Smith aimed to build a system that could achieve next day delivery of small package airfreight (Hill,2013). Today Federal Express has grown from a express delivery company to a global logistic and supply chain management company (Crane, et al., 2003). Over the years Federal Express was able to grow through acquistions and large investmenst in information technoloy. The company was also able to stand out from the rest best on their business model operate independently, compete collectively. Smith segmented his compnay into 6 different  component – FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Freight, and FedEx Services, which allowed each component to focus on their own maket segment. By segmenting of each component it provided Federal express the oppurtunity to focus more on customer. Even though Federal Express 6 different components operated seperatley the competed together under FedEx Corporation. Federal Express’s Value Creation Frontier and Their Four Building Blocks of Competitive Advantage Federal Express profitability depends on three factors: The value a customer places on t heir services, the price Federal Express charges for their services, and the cost Federal Express has to incur to produce the services they provide (Hll & Jones, 2013). The more favorable these factors are the more value is bestowed on Federal Express’s product. To accurately value, a company’s product management must distinguish the difference between utility and price (Hill & Jones, 2013). Utility is the customer’s satisfaction or happiness with using or owning a company’s product or services. Federal Express has stepped up to the plate by making shipping easier and convenient for their customer. Today we can find drop off boxes in front of office buildings and small neighborhood shipping stores. Having drop off boxes offers the customer anytime drop offs and no waiting time. Federal Express has also invested heavily in innovation to add to the customer’s experience (Crane, et al., 2003). The option of wireless technology and the ability to track deliveries and schedule picks on the company’s website provides the customer shipping right at their fingertips. For their global customer Federal Express can offer shipping option to more than two hundred companies. The prices Federal Express set for their services are higher than many of their competitors. Federal Express pricing is considered a premium, which reflects the high quality level of service FedEx provides (Crane, et al., 2003). Based on FedEx stance, their premium pricing is worth it, but they fail to realize their very price sensitive customer who may go with a more cheaper option for certain services (UPS). In this case it make it difficult for Fedex to standout based on branding and the amenties they offer. They may have to think of a different way to differeinate themselves from the competitior. Since Federal Express’s growth and customer, satisfaction comes with a high price tag. Their return on invested capital (ROIC) is very low compared to its biggest competitor UPS. In 2011, FedEx ROIC was 7.41% and UPS was 19.39%  (Hill, 2013). Some say in time the money FedEx spent to build up their company, technology infrastructure, and customer satisfaction may soon pay off. The other positive side is that FedEx spending and acquisition expenses have made it hard for new companies to enter and compete in the packaging industry Along with value creation, a company must excel in the four building block of competitive advantage – efficiency, quality, innovation, and customer responsiveness. How well a company performs in these four areas will determine their profitability and competitive advantage over the competitor. These four generic building blocks are a product of a company’s distinctive competencies, which will allow a company to differentiate its product and lower its cost structure (Hill & Jones, 2013). In turn, sustain a competitive advantage and better profitability outcomes over their competitor. When determining a company’s efficiency we can look at what it takes (inputs) to produce a product or services (outputs). According to Hill and Jones, the more efficient a company is the fewer inputs it required to produce a particular output. The most common way to measure a company’s efficiency is through employee productivity – the out pout produced per employee (Hill & Jones, 2013). When examining FedEx efficiency they were the first packaging company to invest in technology that enabled their employees to access company information wireless 24 hours a day. This wireless feature also allows the employee to collect packaging data, which allows employees to quickly enter packages into the company’s package tracking system, which reduces the possibility of error (Crane, et al., 2003). As for FedEx service, they can be review by its features, performance, durability, reliability, style, and design (Hill & Jones, 2013). These features are used by customers to determine the quality level of the services that are offered by FedEx. Based on FedEx’s history, spending to build its infrastructure, and premium pricing FedEx is committed to providing a service of high quality standings. FedEx has also invested heavily in new technologies, which will improve their services, make it more reliable, and valuable to its customers (Amsler, Cullen, & Erdmenger, 2010). An example that show FedEx is all about quality is their technology efforts such as tracking deliveries on their website, and offering convenient shipping at the customer’s fingertips. As mentioned before FedEx is all about innovation. They are into creating new services  and processes to make shipping easy and convenient for their customers. One of their major investments is the joint venture with University of Memphis. University of Memphis and FedEx have joined and formed the FedEx Institute of Technology. This investment will ensure that FedEx will not be let in dark when it comes to new technology (Crane, et al., 2003). When it comes to customer satisfaction FedEx tries to identify their customer needs. FedEx heard the customers demanded for a more convenient way of shipping. FedEx has extended drop off times by three hours, offer drop off boxes, and the ability for customer to schedule pickups on FedEx’s website. The only dissatisfaction is the premium pricing set on their services. FedEx fail to adhere to the demands of their cost sensitive customers. These are the customers who only care about inexpensive delivery services. This group of people may use FedEx as a last resort for their shipping needs. Product Differentiation The idea behind product differentiation is creating a product that satisfies the customers’ needs (Hill & Jones, 2013). In order for a company to obtain a competitive advantage they must offer a product that better satistfies the customer’s need than its rival. When a company creates a stratergy that involves innovation, execellence, quality, and customer responsiveness they are offering custumers differentiation product. When the a company’s stratergy is about finding ways to increase efficiency and reliablity to reduce cost they are offering the customer low priced product (Hill & Jones,2013). In the case of Federal Express their stratergy is not about offering a low priced product, but offering a product that is innovative, meets a high standard of execellence, high quality, and basing the product on the customer’s need. Federal Express understood the importance of differentiation. Since their strategy is not based on offering a low costing product Federal Express had to focus on information technology. Today customers are interested in monitoring their shipments, estimating arrival times, price and cost of shipments. These elements are important to most businesses and consumers as well as the safety of their delivery (Crane, et al., 2003). To satisfy the needs of their customers and to stand out from their competitor FedEx has  invested heavily in the technology infrastructure, which provides options for customers to track and validate shipments at their personal computer. Federal Express works hard to create a high quality level of service that is difficult for their rival to match (Crane, et al., 2003). Over the years, FedEx has been known as an innovator in the shipping sector, and providing a high level of quality services. Due to FedEx’s higher prices the level of service they provide may become unnoticed. To differentiate their standard of quality from their competitor FedEx lets their customers know that if they are willing to pay more it will be worth it (Crane, et al., 2003). Capacity Control With technology, forecasting, and planning strategies Federal Express is able to handle the fluctuating demand in shipping. With General Information Science (GIS) Federal Express is able to build routes for the driver, guide sorting activities of inbound freight, estimate and record delivery times. This information is stored on a cloud, which is use for future planning and test the durability of a route to accommodate package volume fluctuation (Conger, Dezemplen, Haas, & McLeod, 2010). Efficiency of Federal Express’s Current Business Model Federal Express’s current business model is to â€Å"operate independently, compete collectively.† Currently Federal Express is under the leadership of FedEx Corporation. FedEx Corporations provides strategic direction and financial reporting for the following operating companies that compete collectively, but operate separately worldwide: FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Freight, and FedEx Services (Amsler, Cullen, & Erdmenger, 2010). The idea behind â€Å"Operate independently, compete collectively† is that each company will operate independently, compete collectively and manage collaboratively. By operating independently, each of the organizational components (FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Freight, and FedEx Services) can focus solely on their market segment. Also by segmenting off each component by its own market segment has provided FedEx the competitive advantage in customer responsiveness and has limited wasted time and resources on problem that are not associated with each market (Amsler,  Cullen, & Erdmenger, 2010). The benefit of all the organizational component competing collectively is carrying and competing under a well know name – FedEx, which is one of the most recognized names in the industry (Smith, 2005). Even though â€Å"operate independently, compete collectively† has worked for Federal Express thus far, but keep in mind it only provided FedEx with a competitive edge in specific customer focus. To gain a stronger competitive advantage FedEx should add cost leadership to their business level strategy. Cost leadership is a business model strategy that works towards lowering a company’s cost structure so they can make and sell their products at a lower price than its competitors (Hill & Jones, 2013). This has been difficult for FedEx, because of their constant expenditures in their infrastructure (Amsler, Cullen, & Erdmenger, 2010). Due to FedEx costly expenditures, they are unable to compete with their biggest rival, UPS in setting prices. Global Competition and the Impact on Suggested Business Strategy Based on the international shipping demand among integrated global corporations and manufactures it will be FedEx’s as well as its competitors best interest to enter into the global shipping industry. Global manufactures are interested in keeping their inventory at a minimum and have just in time delivery option. This way global manufactures can keep cost down, fine-tune their production, and meet delivery deadlines (Hill, 2013) . As for global corporation their shipping need are different. They are in need of fast and a safe way to ship document that are to confidential for internet transmisson or require a real signiture. These global coroporation are seeking for the same shipping services the receive in the U.S for their global operations (Hill, 2013). According to Case 7: â€Å"The Evolution of the Small Package Express Delivery Industry, 1973 -2010† the trend for global shipping need is forcasted to grow approxiamently 18% annually from 1996 to 2016. This means there is a big demand for air cargo operators to build global shipping networks that will allow them to provide shipping services across the globe with in a 48 hour time frame. Through acquistion Federal Express was able to build a global shipping network to meet the demand among intergrated global corporations and manufactures. The acquisition expenses, international start cost, customs regulation cost , labor issue associated with global shipping, and the barries to attaining landing right in many markets prevented FedEx to  include cost leadership in their global busines stratergy. Eventhough FedEx does not have the competitive edge when it come to pricing they are t more visible in the global shipping industry than their competitors. They can offer services and shipping time frames their rivals can not offer. FedEx also has shipping hubs all over the world, which include 600 or so air crafts , which allows them to provide shipping option most of their comepitives can not offer. Based on history this was very difficult for other companies to establish this task. Since very few competitor have the same golobal infrastructure as FedEx global companies relay more FedEx for the international shipping needs (Crane, et al., 2003) Conclusion In conclusion, Federal Express’s competitive advantage is not based on cost, but on its technology infrastructure. Over the years, Federal Express has spent heavily on technology and in acquisitions in order to offer delivery options and services their competitor cannot. The spending was geared towards satisfying the needs of the customer, innovation, offering a quality product and excellence services. The only negative side on spending heavily is that the cost was passed on to the customer, but Federal express stance is that they offer premium services and products. Federal Express can offer their international customers shorter delivery time, because of the major acquisition transactions Federal Express was involved in over the years. As for their domestic business, it may be a little difficult to stand out from their competitor. Currently the competitor (UPS) can offer similar services and convenient shipping options at a lower cost. References Amsler, M., Cullen, J., & Erdmenger, J. C. (2010). Strategic Report for FedEx Corporation. Vector Strategy Group. Conger, R., Dezemplen, R., Haas, J., & McLeod, J. (2010). Using GIS Strategic Planning and Execution at FedEx Express. Crane, B., Landthorn, B., Miri, B., Relph, J., Sanchez, C., & Vernerova, A. (2003). FedEx Corpration: Strategic Management Project. Hill, C. L. (2013). Case 7: The Evolution of the Samll Package Express Delivery Industry, 1973-2010. In C. L. Hill, & G. R. Jones, Strategic Management: An Integrated Approach (pp. C83-C96). Independence: Cengage. Hill, C. L., & Jones, G. R. (2013). Strategic Management: An Integrated Approach (10th ed.). Independence: Cengage. Smith, F. W. (2005). FedEx. Retrieved from FedEx corporation annual report: http://www.fedex.com/us/investorrelations/financialinfo/2005annualreport/online/msg_chair.html

Euthanasia-pro essays

Euthanasia-pro essays The concept of physician-assisted suicide in the United States is relatively new, but still a major topic of debate amongst the population. Much to the disagreement of many others, however, I feel this topic is actually fairly clear-cut. Comparatively, euthanasia differs from other morality concerns, in regards to the fact that no one is actually harmed by the act. The problem doesnt stem from the patient, as it is their choice, or the doctor, who is being paid and clearly finds it acceptable himself. Instead, the issue arises from a third party, who themselves have absolutely nothing to do with the members involved. In fact, there are no factual conclusions to not allow this practice, just personal opinions. The reason for this is simple, physician assisted suicide poses no threat to anyone outside of those involved. One of the largest complaints people have with euthanasia is the belief that killing of any kind is against the bible. This argument holds no weight though, since it is solely a religious concern, and religious beliefs can not be imposed on others. If one holds this view, this is perfectly acceptable, and by no means should they ever resort to this practice themself. Just as supporters of physician-assisted suicide are entitled to their beliefs, so are the opponents, but it is important to remember that we not hold others to our beliefs. Another belief held by the opposition is that by allowing voluntary physician assisted suicide, we are opening the door for involuntary euthanasia. Euthanasia can be broken down into three categories, voluntary, non-voluntary, and involuntary. Voluntary assisted suicide takes place when a patient is mentally competent to make an informed decision to have euthanasia administered, while for non-voluntary euthanasia, the patient is not competent enough to make an informed decision(Yang). Involuntary assisted suicide only becomes an issue when the patient ...

Pollution from a primary aluminum smelter for environmental law class Research Paper

Pollution from a primary aluminum smelter for environmental law class - Research Paper Example This paper will evaluate the range of water pollution caused by aluminum smelting and its aftereffects on public health and the environment as a whole. It has been identified that mainly three types of water discharges are associated with aluminium smelting. Process water is the liquid effluent which is mainly used for cooling dung metal casting; it contains small quantities of organic matter, fluorides, oils, suspended solids, and industrial gases. This process also discharges waste water from restrooms and laboratory facilities, and the discharged water contains organic matter and suspended solids. During the aluminium smelting process, drainage water is also discharged. It is estimated that the â€Å"Portland aluminium smelter discharges 73 ML of process water each year† (Salzman, Allinson, Stagnitti, Coates & Hill, 2001). In modern days, an effective system called water treatment center is established in most of the aluminum smelting plants where the water effluents are ac cumulated and eliminated. However, the water treatment center would not be able to eliminate these water pollutants completely. Adams (2011) points out that excess level of fluorine content in water may lead to dental fluorosis. Similarly, aluminum is very toxic to fish and aquatic insects if its concentration exceeds the limit 1 mg/L.

African American History Since 1877 (PT 3) Essay

African American History Since 1877 (PT 3) - Essay Example Some slaves escaped and others worked for their freedom during the slave era. Even then freedom only meant not being owned. African Americans could not receive the same education as whites. They could not socialize with whites. Jobs were limited to them. Freedom was not really free. After the Civil War, slavery ended. However, Jim Crow laws forced segregation between blacks and whites. African Americans could not drink from the same water fountains, sit on the same park benches, go to the same school, sit together in restaurants, and could not intermingle. Rules forced African Americans to the back of the bus. African Americans could not vote, or had to pass a reading test to vote. Many whites thought segregation was equal, but segregation was not equal. The Supreme Court ruled that segregation was not equal. This did not change the minds of white people, especially in the Southern States. Other than the Jim Crow laws, the KKK and other groups limited the freedom of African Americans. If an African American was perceived as out of line, KKK or white supremacist would burn crosses on African American’s yards, beat them, or even lynch them. As a result, many African Americans were afraid to exercise their limited freedom. Fear allowed them to be kept virtual slaves to their white neighbors. During the Civil Rights Movement, Jim Crow laws started to be overturned. Even though Jim Crow laws started to be overturned, some whites did not share the opinion of the courts. Activists, black and white, trying to register people to vote, or fight for African American rights, were harassed, beaten, and even killed. Once again fear kept African Americans from freedom, but hope and defiance kept the movement going to provide more freedoms. Today, legally African Americans enjoy equal freedoms with their white counterparts. That does not mean that everyone follows the law. In American, everyone is entitled to on opinion.